. Thus far we have examined only the large-scale responses to plague, but individual Elizabethans also took steps to protect themselves. 3,000 people died in Danzig and many again in Lbeck and other cities as the Sweat spread along the Baltic coast into Denmark, Scandinavia, and Russia. A consequence of continued outbreaks was that even old Plague Pits were re-opened. Elizabethan farmers and retailers of farm produce, such as animal hides, were in constant danger of contracting the Bubonic plague (Black Death) and this was a deadly consequence of their job. The Bubonic plague (Black Death) was always caught or spread from an infected animal or person. These occurred in 1593 , 1603 and 1608. Shakespeare's life also overlapped with the Jacobean Era . A ship came from China that brought rats infested with fleas, carrying the plague to Sicily. It became hard to find people who would work in the fields. Did the epidemic really eradicate a third of Europe's population? London's first cases of plague were noticed in August. information on this site as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment, or First arriving in Europe through sick merchants on Genoese trading ships that docked in Sicily, the plague caused boils, fever, diarrhea, horrible pain, and shortly, death. The killer disease also causes red and black spots on the human skin. For another, the instructions for the penitential fasting specified that only those between the ages of sixteen and sixty need fast, allowing children and the elderly to keep their strength, and exempted those already ill, a tacit recognition that skipping meals would only make the disease worse. It only took about twenty-three days from the point of infection for the plague to be fatal (Benedictow). He also developed swollen limbs which became very painful. Upon receiving the Orders, the justices of the peace of every county were commanded to assemble to determine where infections were already occurring, what sorts of communities these places were, and their wealth. A frightening and swift end to life. We don't always know who took the photo, who to give credit to, or who to ask permission from to use it. Queen Elizabeth I also prohibited the import of foreign goods as a measure to prevent the spread of the disease to the Elizabethan court. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. Once inside the body, it multiplies rapidly and can cause death within two days without the aid of antibiotics. Due to the fact that the serfs and peasants were poor, they barely ate meat. A supplemental set of directions for worship in the Church of England was released in 1563, mandating that Wednesdays be dedicated to fasting and prayer in times of plague. Plague laid waste to England and especially to the capital repeatedly during Shakespeare's professional life in 1592, again in 1603, and in 1606 and 1609. First arriving in Europe through sick merchants on Genoese trading ships that docked in Sicily, the plague caused boils, fever, diarrhea, horrible pain, and shortly, death. Author bio: Michael Lowry Lamble holds an MA in Medieval and Renaissance History from Loyola University Chicago and is currently pursuing an MA in Museology from the University of Washington. The country, before the plague ravaged it, was under the feudal law system. On a spiritual level, private prayer and penitence, promising to live uprightly if only God would lift his plague, was always a popular response. The black Death originated in Italy and rapidly spread throughout Europe due to poor city sanitization and overcrowding in major cities. But how much do you know about the Black Plague? Even the animals could not escape its deathly hold. However, personal hygiene was better than the perception of Middle Ages Hygiene. Some elements of quarantine were introduced but usually by the time that this was instigated the deadly disease had already struck. Yes, this talks about death and epidemics that used to kill hundreds and thousands in the medieval ages that had no specific cure and hence, was really terrifying. By 1650, that number had soared to more than 5 million- the economy simply couldn't keep up. At this time, most pandemics were deadly since there was no medicine or technology. It was reintroduced shortly after the plague ended. Everyday people struggle with an illness. Also, they were covered in mysterious black boils that oozed blood and pus and gave their illness its name: the Black Death.. Disease and plagues killed major parts of the population, the bubonic plague, for example, claimed the lives of perhaps a third of Europes population in five years. The reign of Elizabeth I saw the . Contrary to popular belief it was not just the people who lived in the towns who were at risk of catching the Black Death or Bubonic Plague. It is sometimes presumed to be the disease behind several historic epidemics, such as the pestilence described as striking the Philistines in the biblical book of 1 Samuel. Plague's symptoms were horrible: fever, a racing pulse and breathlessness, followed by pain in the back and legs, thirst and stumbling. This time was a period of unprecedented prosperity and advances in poetry, music, theater and literature. Although monks and nuns were no longer features of the English social and medical landscape, religion remained a major component of the Elizabethan response to plague. Once afflicted households could end their quarantine, all clothes and bedding were to be burned. These symptoms could come on rapidly, making it very difficult to get treatment in time. Plague is an extremely infectious and vile disease caused by a bacteria known as Yersinia Pestis. The same deadly labour shortage continued until a medieval Physician had the idea was that the disease would be better contained by not throwing the bodies into the streets and into the approximation of other people. However, Elizabeth had many favourites and close friends who were men, including Robert Dudley, Walter Raleigh, Francis Drake, and Robert Devereux, as well as many prominent suitors, including many . No effective remedy was found and hence, people did not at all receive any function able treatment. The plague caused many to question their religious outlook, the lack of knowledge caused false cures to develop and affected the interactions throughout Europe. The Black Death swept through the Middle East and Europe in the years 1346-1353 but it may have begun several decades earlier in the Qinghai Plateau of Central Asia. It came to Europe on 12 ships from the Black Sea. Overall, life there wasn't exactly the greatest, we would have medical care, better hygiene, and a much better health care system overall. Listen Now 1. In this system, the lord owned the land in small communities, and the peasants living there farmed the land and gave him a portion of their crops as a form of payment. . Some measures, like perfume and bloodletting, have ultimately proven to be useless. Tasked with treating victims of the Black Death, plague doctors wore all-leather suits and beak-like masks to avoid catching the fatal disease. In the orders to pray and fast, the Elizabethan religious authorities included stipulations that indicate an awareness that although plague was undoubtedly the wrath of God, there was nevertheless a physical component to the disease. This greatly changed the traditional feudal system, which served to confine peasants to a certain piece of land. The primary pneumonic plague infects people by droplet infection from human to human being. Elizabethan Physicians adopted protective costumes against the disease in the 16th century. The disease was carried by rats & it caused fever, developed lesions, and death within a few days of having it. It is both fascinating and grotesque, so it is no wonder people are still intrigued by it today. Although this might sound pointless today, these precautions would have protected the Elizabethan Physician. They had victims drink vinegar and crushed minerals, or even arsenic. What caused the Bubonic plague in the Middle Ages? The Black Death was not the only pandemic going around Europe, other diseases include syphilis and gonorrhea. That is not to say that the Elizabethans viewed plague as a purely spiritual matter, however, remedied only through spiritual means. When the ships made land, so did the rats, and the infection began to spread. Elizabeth had many lovers - MYTH. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the second pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria.The term Black Death was not used until the late 17th century.. This tragedy started around 1347 1352 A.D, originating from East Asia or China .This disease was brought by the sea from ships, and on the ship was black rats and fleas were carrying it and it was passed down to the rats. When, despite the high wages, no new men for this job could be found women and boys, especially those who had recovered from the Bubonic plague (Black Death), were forced to carry out this work. Why did the Black Death kill so many people in the 14th century? The Plague went by many names, but they all added up to the same thing: the deaths of almost 200 million people across Europe and Asia. The plague/Black Death first popped up the the 13th century. In Europe there were many responses to the plague which included helping to stop and cure the plague, profiting off it, and trying to protect and care for their loved ones. But even so terrible epidemics of Black Death ( Bubonic Plague ) during the Elizabethan period still occurred. The cover-all clothing would have protected the Elizabethan Physician from fleas and therefore the Black Death / Bubonic Plague. This caused Shakespeare to have a lifelong fear of the disease. When the government passed the Statute, the poor felt that the law served to keep them from this equality. The Black Death & Bubonic Plague in the Elizabethan Era, Symptoms, effects, consequences, cure and medical treatment. When Henry VIII began dissolving these religious institutions in 1536, however, sickness and infirmity were not abolished with them, and so English authorities had to find new ways to address public health. Features of this era include hauntings, witch hangings, coin money, and class distinctions. Around 25 million hoi polloi lost their lives between the years, 1347 and 1352.Black Plague. Many people aboard the ship were already dead from the disease and the ship was ordered to leave the harbor, but it was too late. This black plague was spreading almost like a wild forest fire that is unstoppable in nature. The Elizabethan Medical Treatment of the Black Death or the Bubonic PlagueThe main reasons for the 14th century pandemic effect and spread of the virus was the poor hygiene and the massive number of infected rodents. The spread of the disease continued. The plague started in the East, possibly China, and quickly spread through Europe. This particular epidemic claimed between a quarter and a third of the total Elizabethan London population. The Black Death was not the only pandemic going around Europe, other diseases include syphilis and gonorrhea. Black Death at the Golden Gate: The Race to Save America from the Bubonic Plague (Hardcover) by. History of Britain from Roman times to Restoration era. Unfortunately, the Revolt did not immediately result in the end of serfdom, but was seen by the Whig historians as the beginning of the end of the feudal system (BBC Staff). As the name implies, the Black Death was more often than not a death sentence. Shakespeare in the Elizabethan Era. Abandoning the affected ones was the real ecstasy them. The main culprit of the spread was the poor hygiene, however, the real species that are the cause of this potential wipeout, are the rats and other infected rodents that resided in the area. Cats and dogs were killed, as it was believed that they might spread the plague. The diet was mostly made of beer, milk, cheese and bread. The Black Death was a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s. Due to a severe labor shortage, serf survivors were able to demand higher wages and better working conditions from their new landlords. The plague was similar to diseases today because it was not curable similar to Aids. It was no wonder that the Black Death or Bubonic Plague was so feared by the people of the Elizabethan era. Merchant ships and rodents were the two main ways this disease spread and infected humans (The Black Death 1348). The Elizabethan era was the epoch in English history of Queen Elizabeth I's reign (1558-1603). Sometried rubbing chunks of dead snakes on the boils. The Black Death was the deadliest epidemic of bubonic plague in history, wiping out some 25 million Europeans alone in just a few years. Elizabethan Medicine was extremely basic in an era when terrible illnesses such as the Bubonic Plague (Black Death ) were killing nearly one third of the population. It killed many members of his family when he was young, including three sisters and a brother. They also laid out a groundwork for an effective and coordinated response to the plague. On the same note if you wish us not to use a photo for any reason just let us know and we will remove it. In later years, doctors found a bit of success by bursting the buboes, although this could also lead to secondary infection. During the mid-fourteenth century, a plague hit Europe. Innumerable cows, sheep, pigs, goats, and chickens perished along with people. The earthquakes did lead to an increase in the number of rats in the area (some texts even describe "seas of rats" swimming through water or running through the streets). Over the next five years, more than 20 million people died from a disease that almost killed one . The peasants started demanding more wages while the English law tried to keep wages from rising. Loss of lives did decrease the population, changed the demographic structure of the region and hence, shortage of labour was seen as the major crisis there. The Black Death began in the Himalayan Mountains of South Asia in the 1200s. It started to spread from Eastern China, to Europe in the early 1300s, and it reoccurred multiple times during the years to come. Shakespeare lived from 1567 to 1616. Drawn by England's budding economy, merchants . The disease killed people of all classes. The victims would often die within two to four days. But the spread of the disease still continued Information about the Medical Profession during the Elizabethan eraThe Elizabethan churches administered to the Black Death (Bubonic Plague) victims but very little other help was given and food was rarely distributed. In the year of 1563 alone, 20,000 people had died in London, essentially wiping out over two-thirds of its population in a single year. Going further, physicians urged Elizabethans to perfume both their clothes and their houses to discourage any infection, and to leave clothes out in the sun to air out after any contact with the infected. Black Death reigned terror till the mid 14th century. Today, we know that there were many causes of the Black Death. The first Plague was documented from 541 to 544 CE. Blood and greenish pus seeped out of them. These "death ships" carried the plague that traveled across Europe, eventually reaching Great Britain. The main culprit of the spread was the poor hygiene, however, the real species that are the cause of this potential wipeout, are the rats and other infected rodents that resided in the area. The Black Death is the 19th-century CE term for the plague epidemic that ravaged Europe between 1347-1352 CE, killing an estimated 30 million people there and many more worldwide as it reached pandemic proportions. Ring around the rosie, a pocket full of posies, ashes, ashes, of Europe got obliterated by the black plague. At the heart of the problems confronting Elizabethan England was the challenge of feeding its soaring population. A contemporary historian reported twenty thousand dying in London in 1562. Soon, one-third of the European population was dead. The Black Plague is said to have been the worst of the plagues, but it was the second of three large plague pandemics in history. Statistics show that 1000 people died weekly in mid August, 1600 per week in September, and 1800 per week in October. The plague full swift goes by; I am sick, I must die Lord, have mercy on us! Doctors and physicians tried to treat the other symptoms that included fever, chills, diarrhoea, vomiting, and aches, but to no avail. Britannica Students Encyclopedia states, Besides providing labor, serfs had to pay taxes to their lord in money or produce. Serfs were forced to do hard labor to earn money and pay the lords. Rodents, fleas and plague-infected people showed up in the major. Historical scientists suggest that the medieval outbreak of Black Death seemed to agree with the weather conditions in Asia and not the European climate. Plague disease struck and killed people in no time, leaving behind decaying bodies and terrible fear in the minds of the healthy ones. Any pictures of Physicians of the Elizabethan era look very strange and quite frightening. After the Black Death killed many workers, peasants were in demand for their labor. The huge loss of people and the colossal rate of casualty did affect the social construct as well. Black Death in England - 1348-1350 The Black Death reached England in 1348. Only the friars and the nuns did their duty and cared for the sick. The plague caused many to question their religious outlook, the lack of knowledge caused false cures to develop and affected the interactions throughout Europe. Any victim of the Bubonic Plague or Black Death would have to obtain a ' Certificate of Health ' to resume normal life - if they recovered Information about the Role of the Watchmen and Death Cart LabourersWatchmen were allocated to watch the ' plague houses ' and the only means of sustenance was for the victims to lower baskets from an upper window for the watchman to put food into it. These assemblies were empowered to levy emergency taxes on the towns and villages of their respective counties in order to fund relief efforts, to appoint officials to collect and disburse these aid funds to affected communities, and to impose and enforce further preventative and relief measures as they saw fit. People all over Europe believed that this black plague was airborne a disease and hence, were leaving their homes to take shelter in rural remote county sides. For nearly the first two hundred years of the plagues endemic stay in England, the response was handled by monasteries and religious hospitals. To support these quarantine measures, every infected community appointed officials both to provide food and essentials to the afflicted households, and also to make sure their residents stayed put. We often hear the plague spread due to unhygienic conditions and a surplus of rats in Europe. 20 July 2012. Information about the Symptoms of the Black Death or the Bubonic PlagueThe symptoms associated with the disease were, and are, painful swellings (bubos) of the lymph nodes. During the late 1330s in Europe the population was growing dramatically. Wealthy people often left densely populated cities and moved to the countryside to stay safe. A few ramifications were self-evident, such as trade, others were concealed within the fear that the population had lost so much already, they could no longer afford to lose anything else, whether that be dignity or pride. Heyman and his colleagues now conclude that a . Amidst the consequences suffered by those carrying the disease, came the ramifications that those who were not directly affected experienced. However, the air was not the problem. There are so many fantastic photographers that visit the shows that we perform at and take absolutely beautiful photographs. One of the worst outbreaks of smallpox occurred two years before Shakespeare's birth, in 1562. Plague is an ancient disease that was described during Classical times as occurring in North Africa and the Middle East. The victim would also experience extremely high fever and bloody vomit. Medical treatment for stomach pains and sickness was with wormwood, mint, and balm. The victim's skin turned black in patches and inflamed glands or 'buboes' in the groin, combined with compulsive vomiting, swollen tongue and splitting headaches made it a horrible, agonizing killer. The River Thames is a tidal river and, as such, it would have acted like a natural sewer. Italian people often used to say that; people had lunch with their friends and had dinner with their ancestors in the paradise. This manifested itself particularly in two ways. By the end of the fourteenth century, the Black Death killed nearly 60% of Europes population. Many people aboard the ship were already dead from the disease and the ship was ordered to leave the harbor, but it was too late. To avoid contracting plague, physicians recommended various tinctures and cordials, either to be taken on their own or added to ones breakfast. The bizarre and gruesome Physician masks would have acted as protection against contracting the disease through breathing the same air as the victim. For all the steps Elizabethans took to contain it, plague would remain a major fixture of English life up into the Restoration, with the last major outbreak hitting in 1665. The first occurred during the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century and killed an estimated 25 million people. The first occurred during the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century and killed an estimated 25 million people. A devastating outbreak of the Elizabethan plague occurred in 1563 claiming 80,000 people in England. A really effective medical treatment and cure for the Bubonic plague (Black Death) was impossible during the Elizabethan and later periods of history. The fleas could actually spread the bacteria on their own, without ever involving the poor rats. These corpses were left rotting in the houses until they were dragged out, weeks later, to be thrown on a cart and finally disposed of. The Black Plague Famously, Elizabeth lived and died as the 'Virgin Queen', resistant to being married off and obviously childless. This was not, however, the true beginning of the epidemic. The terrible outbreak of the Black Death made Medieval people look for a link between health and hygiene. It was one of the darkest periods in medieval times. During the mid-fourteenth century, a plague hit Europe. There was a total lack of a structured sewage system in Elizabethan London. First of all, the Black Death influenced the way people lived in Medieval Europe. It was a terrible spectacle and death followed suit. The fever started spreading soon all over the European nations , especially Italy and England and hence , people started calling this as the black death ; black being the colour of negative vibe and ominous aspects . Three horrific plague pandemics swept across the globe before its cause was ultimately uncoveredthe Plague of Justinian, which killed up to 10,000 people a day circa A.D. 561; the Black Death . This tragedy started around 1347 1352 A.D, originating from East Asia or China .This disease was brought by the sea from ships, and on the ship was black rats and fleas were carrying it and it was passed down to the rats. The Black Death was a plague that killed many people. Rate this book. The disease could also be air bound and transmitted from an infected person's breath. Originating in Asia, it spread west along the trade routes across Europe and arrived on the British Isles from the English province of Gascony. Between 1558 and 1582 plaques arrived in London every four years on average. The monstrous disease seemed to spread evenly through the lightest of touches or through clothing. 1592. The Black Plague, a disease many would agree was both one of the most devastating and poignant events to occur in European History. A devastating outbreak of the Elizabethan plague occurred in 1563 claiming 80,000 people in England. She became queen when she was 1 week old because her father died. Households with any infected members were to be quarantined until five weeks after the last sign of infection, and inns and alehouses where infections appeared were ordered to close. I. The 13th century was a grim period in the history of the Middle Ages. The cause of the Bubonic plague (Black Death) was unknown during the Elizabethan era so people were not in the position to take proper care or adequate precautions. The plague had an enormous social effect, killing much of the population and encouraging new health reforms, it also had religious effects by attracting the attention of the Catholic Church, and lastly, it affected the trade around Europe, limiting the transportation of goods. 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