Kinzer: If Cameron had failed to find an effective means of mind control despite carrying out the most reckless experiments, in which he was willing to take any kind of a grotesque step in an effort to find that key, this must have helped feed Gottlieb's conclusion that the whole thing didn't exist. Cameron never got his Nobel Prize in fact, he died not long after leaving Allan Memorial Institute. That was just something we wanted to get clarification on. Dr. Ewen Cameron was an undeniably fascinating figure, and as horrible as his experiments were, the way people continued to talk about him was even more telling. He commuted from Lake Placid, New York to Montreal every week to work at McGill's Allan Memorial Institute and was paid $69,000 from 1957 to 1964 to carry out MKUltra experiments there, known as the Montreal experiments. David Cameron's grandfather Ewen Donald Cameron (1906-1958) was a City of London figure who became a director at the stock brokerage house Panmure Gordon. The idea was to first "depattern" the person in question. Despite the horrific abuse, the American and Canadian psychiatric establishment closed ranks. He promoted a philosophy where chaos could be prevented by removing the weak from society. Cameron became the first director of the Allan Memorial Institute as well as the first chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at McGill. He graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. Like Freud, Cameron maintained that the family was the nucleus of social behavior and anxieties later in life were spawned during childhood. Cregg: What do you know about mind-control experiments? Don't worry, it gets worse. Kinzer: Later on, it became the basis for manuals that the CIA provided in the 1980s to police forces in Latin America that were known to practice torture. [39], Social and intrapsychic behaviour analysis, Cameron and Freud: civilization and discontents. [citation needed]. Velma Orlikow, for instance, was dealing with postpartum depression. It's Boston local news in one concise, fun and informative email. Amory: In the Lake Placid community where Dr. Camerons family spent the bulk of their summers, his sudden death from a heart attack while hiking was big news. Ben: When Amory and I spoke to Duncan Cameron about his dad, he also told us about his own work, as a lawyer. It has to do with another of his Adirondack hikes that changed the Cameron family forever. People Projects Discussions Surnames . Ian Donald Cameron is geboren in het jaar 1932 in Blairmore House, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, zoon van Ewen Donald CAMERON en Enid Agnes Maud LEVITA. You have been subscribed to WBUR Today. . Cameron began to base some of his notions on race, as is seen in his theories regarding the German people. For instance, he was careful to say he didnt know anything about his dads treatment regimen at the Allan, which may very well be true. Under that program, more than 80,000 suspected North Vietnamese sympathizers were interrogated by US forces and their allies. He was there when his legal partner, Joseph Rauh, took Camerons deposition. from the University of London in 1925, and an M.D. Duncan: It's really a very moving editorial. He didn't pull punches, saying, "We hanged Nazis for doing the sort of things Cameron did.". By that time, information on Cameron's sleep room projects was coming out, and there were all kinds of people who were very quick to distance themselves from it. So why havent they? And this is a picture up with my brother, Stuart. Unfortunately, a lot of what went on within them has been lost: In 1973, the majority of the documents associated with MKUltra were destroyed in a massive (and not-at-all-suspicious) purge. We were unable to subscribe you to WBUR Today. He clearly had his mind set on doing unorthodox research long before the Agency front started to fund him. Cameron also wanted to revolutionize the way psychology and psychiatry looked at mental illness. Not, at least, until well into 1965, months after they were told to end the experiments. [15], Before his arrival in Nuremberg, Cameron had written The Social Reorganization of Germany, in which he argued that German culture and its individual citizens would have to be transformed and reorganized. Particularly because we put that question to him today. In his 1946 paper entitled "Frontiers of Social Psychiatry", he used the case of World War II Germany as an example where society poisoned the minds of citizens by creating a general anxiety or neurosis.[19]. That was the case for people like Phyllis Goldberg. To prevent this, the West would have to take measures to reorganize German society. She wasn't able to joke and laugh She would blurt out something like: 'We must do the right thing!'" The described types were the enemies of society and life. Cameron further argued that "the weak" must not influence children. There must have been names of patients. Duncan: Well, I think that I would feel sad about that. Duncan: Well, that's a big subject. Very different. These did nothing to calm the feud which continued through succeeding reigns to when Donald's grandson Ewen, the 13th chief, fought at the battle of Flodden where James IV was killed. Amory: We definitely will. They had 11 children: Allan Francis Cameron, John Donald Cameron and 9 other children. He has an open, amused look on his face. Ben: Sure, but I mean, in terms of trying to help cure people of mental illness or anything like that, not necessarily his process, but his end goal. We love making Endless Thread, and we want to be able to keep making it far into the future. Donald Cameron of Lochiel (c.1700 - October 1748), was an influential Highland Clan Chief known for his magnanimous and gallant nature. Ben: Jims right. Harvey Weinstein: Complicated question, we all have motivations for the things that we do. Amory: Sarahs grandmother, Val, sued the CIA forty years ago for supporting Dr. Camerons work at the Allan. And it's still hugely controversial: In 2019, The New York Times published drawings done by prisoners who had been subjected to these torture methods at Guantanamo Bay, and it's not for the faint of heart. Yeah so it was sad. Duncan: He probably did, but I dont think I could remember the specifics of it. Duncan: And I've said Im unable to do that. [citation needed]; if the greater population of Germany saw the atrocities of World War II, they would surely submit to a re-organized system of justice. According to "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,"there was more to his work at the Allan Memorial Institute than just exploring the CIA's questions about brainwashing. He studied Medicine at the University of Glasgow and obtained his degree in 1924. . He told The Scotsman: "Cameron's entire focus seemed to shift after the Nuremberg Trials. His focus on children included the rights to protection against outmoded, doctrinaire tactics, and the necessity for the implantation of taboos and inhibitions from their parents. Amory: Marian was 5 years old when her mom was admitted to the Allan for what she thinks was postpartum depression. As the CBC notes, it's sourced pretty heavily from Cameron's work, and talks about things like "deprivation of sensory stimuli, threats and fear, pain, hypnosis and narcosis," and the source of their research? It is true. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Cameron continued his work on memory and its relationship to aging. In theory, he was supposed to help her anxiety, depression, and postpartum depression. Which suggests it was for purposes of, not closure, but of not wanting information to come to light that was in the papers. [38], Cameron died of a heart attack while hiking with his son in the Adirondack Mountains on September 8, 1967. Jean spent three months under Cameron's care, and spent two periods in a drug-induced coma. He wanted to know if it was possible to wipe a person's mind and reinstall a new personality. Another patient was suffering from leg pains that no one had been able to diagnose. In other words, torture. According to Cameron's psychiatric analysis of the German people, they were not suitable to have children or hold positions of authority because of a genetic tendency to organize society in a way that fostered fearsome aggression and would lead to war rather than peace; he would repeatedly use the German as the archetypal character structure on which to ground the most psychologically deviant humans. The program is widely believed to have been partly funded by the United States Central Intelligence Agency as part of their top-secret MKULTRA program. Allan Cameron. The second stage involved extreme, high voltage multiple electroshock treatments three times daily. Esther Schrier who was a nurse at Montreal's Jewish General Hospital tragically lost her first child at just three weeks of age. Take a guess. In 1943, Cameron was invited to McGill University in Montreal by neurosurgeon Dr Wilder Penfield. Amory: This is a hard reality for the family that Ewen Cameron left behind. He continued his training in the United States under Meyer at the Phipps Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland from 1926 to 1928 with a Henderson Research Scholarship. Amory: Duncan has a very different picture of his father, a whole bunch of them actually. Amory: What was your father like as a dad? To see some of the things that have happened are very upsetting. Ben: Which brings us back to a question that no one can answer why did Dr. Cameron do what he did? While more is known about the experiments of Dr. Ewen Cameron than about some of the other MKUltra projects, there's still a lot of information missing. Marian: There was a picture of my mom there and somebody commented, Ugh that's the Johanna that's her name I remember. And my sister looked at him and said, But what was she like? Traces of some survived, including documentation on Sub-project 42 also known as Operation Midnight Climax and sub-project 68. After one test he noted: "Although the patient was prepared by both prolonged sensory isolation (35 days) and by repeated depatterning, and although she received 101 days of positive driving, no favourable results were obtained." Amory: Immortal Technique is rapping about it: Ben: But for those who have had to deal with the fallout of MK-ULTRA on a personal level, the fact that the program rarely gets discussed outside the realm of pop culture can feel discouraging. Who hasnt talked about this in a long time. His father, grandfather and great-grandfather were all senior partners in the company. Cameron would analyze what conditions produced the stronger worker, what would be the necessary conditions to replicate this personality and to reward the stronger while disciplining the weaker. And when you get up to the top, its completely wooded, so theres no panoramic view after all the hard climbing. It is a rare thing that a psychiatrist of his worldwide reputation and capacity should be a resource available to a small mountain community. Scottish-American psychiatrist Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron led and conducted these experiments. Those with anxieties or insecurities and who had trouble with the state of the world were labelled as "the weak"; in Cameron's analysis, they could not cope with life and had to be isolated from society by "the strong". In this manner, somatic causes could be compared. From 1939 to 1943 he was professor of neurology and psychiatry at Albany Medical College, and at the Russell Sage School of Nursing, also in the Albany area. We encourage you to research and examine these records . Cleghorn immediately ended Camerons program. And we would take off. Typically, I would show up there and, if it was a Friday, ask if I could have a lift down to Lake Placid. Donald Ewen Cameron (19011967) was born in Scotland in 1901 and graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. Cameron Cemetery. Duncan: I think the furthest I got was to his office. In the final installment ofMadness," we sit down with Duncan, and we explore the shocking ways his father's methods are still being used today. So we don't have. In 2020, director Stephen Bennett released "Eminent Monsters," a film that examined the link between Cameron's work and the torture techniques used by organizations around the world, including the CIA. The psychiatric community could have questioned his methods, but they remained silent. Cameron reported to John Gittinger, an agent in charge of overseeing parts of MKUltra. Do you remember that? [27] Such consequences included incontinence, amnesia, forgetting how to talk, forgetting their parents, and thinking their interrogators were their parents. I then *went through* the papers, because I felt that it would be improper to leave in the papers any paper that identified patients. He moved to Upstate New York where he studied aging and memory at two hospitals in Albany. Experts must develop methods of forcefully changing attitudes and beliefs to prevent the authoritarian overlord. He did technically, because nothing says "wonders" has to be a good thing. After he left, his position as chair of the department of psychiatry was handed to Robert Cleghorn. And I think my father would have too. Ben: Im Ben Brock Johnson, and youre listening to Endless Thread, the show featuring stories found in the vast ecosystem of online communities called Reddit. In some cases, the same phrases reappear all through these. Agnes was born in 1844, in Richmond Victoria Australia. They also asked him for clarification about what happened to his father's personal papers and patient records, and he replied, "Well, I didn't destroy the documents. Duncan: No, he had some peculiar hobb-- he loved science fiction. Cameron wrote that mental illness was transmitted generationally; thus, the re-occurrence of mental illness could be stopped by remodeling and expanding existing concepts of marriage suitability, as well as the quarantine of mentally ill individuals from the general population. After his mother confirmed that yes, there were 12 boxes of papers that her sons both lawyers said she probably shouldn't share, Duncan revealed that he had gone through and taken out "several papers" that identified "a particular patient." Ben: Would you have anything that you would want to say to Dr. Cameron or his family? Duncan Cameron: This is a picture of the whole family. The U.S. wanted to know just how such a thing could possibly happen, and Dr. Ewen Cameron had a theory: brainwashing. Jim Turner: The most salient point that I recall is that Camerons son told us that he'd taken his father's private records and had destroyed them. Marian Cameron. You know, my job was to look out for the cops. [citation needed][21]. There are movies like Gaslight and Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. About 55 families of victims who underwent medical experimentation in the 1950s and 1960s are suing for millions of dollars. Therefore, society should function to select out the weak and unwanted, those apt towards fearsome aggression that threatened society. She said she received 12 boxes of her husbands papers after he died, but that, quote, If I had these papers, I wouldnt necessarily let you see them. Morrow's family got involved, and it was only at their insistence that she was transferred to another hospital. More about the Cameron family name; Sponsored by Ancestry. [clarification needed] Those Germans affected by the events that led to World War II were of utmost concern. It's hardwired into the brain. He began to develop the discipline of social psychiatry which concentrated on the roles of interpersonal interaction, family, community and culture in the emergence and amelioration of emotional disturbance. [8] Amory: You're welcome to pull it out now. Hij is getrouwd met (Niet openbaar), ze kregen 1 kind. Amory: And, they delivered, with a full transcript of Duncans deposition from November, 1983. Ben: Robert Cleghorn, a former member of Camerons staff, took over after Cameron stepped down. Did it work? Cameron's concerns extended to his policies determining who should have children and advance to positions of authority. We shouldn't have done it, I'm sorry we did it.". Ontario. Here, patients were exposed to a range of RF and electromagnetic signals and monitored for changes in behaviour. Cameron's work stopped when she gave birth, and Lloyd remembered a broken mother. It describes various personalities that he believed were of marked danger to all members of society. And, until theres true accountability for what happened and what is still happening, it never will be. Toby Ziegler:In the '50s, it was the CIA mind control research program begun in response to the Chinese attempt on U.S. prisoners. And you can see this manual that's been found all around the world, from hellholes to modern democracies. And that kind of explains why, when they were ordered to stop their depatterning and psychic driving of patients, they just sort of didn't. ", And what about the CIA, who had approved and funded the research in the first place? [13], In 1945, Cameron, Nolan D. C. Lewis and Dr Paul L. Schroeder, colonel and psychiatrist, University College of Illinois, were invited to the Nuremberg trials for a psychiatric evaluation of Rudolf Hess. My recollection was that I wasn't able to provide him with much information that he didn't already have. from the University of London in 1925, and an M.D. Dr. Ewen Cameron wanted to win a Nobel Prize for his work in psychiatry. Ben: Duncan says his father was so busy that he didnt see much of him during their time in Montreal. Cameron was born on December 24, 1901, in Scotland and graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. Click here for the donation page. . And so even all these years later, it's part of my life. Amory: But even on their long drives from Montreal to upstate New York, Duncan says his dad never really talked about work. The only cure for mental illness, he theorized, was to eliminate its "carriers" from society altogether. Photo by Courtesy of Julie Tanny For the first four years of Julie Tanny's. She was a former captain of the Scottish field hockey team, a competitive tennis player,[11] and lecturer in mathematics at the University of Glasgow. Cameron placed the psychiatric treatment unit inside of the hospital and inspected its success. Death: June 18, 1958 (52) Immediate Family: Son of Sir Ewen Allan Cameron and Rachel Margaret Cameron. It's not clear how many patients Dr. Ewen Cameron's treatments destroyed, but some families have come forward with stories of what was done to their loved ones. Research genealogy for Donald Ewen Cameron of lambeth, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. Genealogy profile for Major Donald of 4th Chief Clunes "Old '45" Cameron Major Cameron . Though he did visit the Allan Memorial on occasion. According to The Guardian, it started with playing tapes designed to tap into the reason the patient sought help in the first place. Indian River. [16], Cameron next published Nuremberg and Its Significance. Because it would seem to me, or I was concerned as a lawyer, that it might be a breach of the patient-doctor privilege. The Guardian talked to Alison Steel, Jean's daughter and one of the many family members trying to shine a light on what was done to their loved ones without their consent. In this, he hoped to establish a suitable method to reinstate a form of justice in Germany that could prevent its society from recreating the attitudes that led it from the Great War to World War II. Amory: The study, which was published a few months before Cameron died, found that Camerons methods exposed his patients to unnecessary risk, and that there was no clinical proof his methods were any more effective than standard forms of treatment. Sounds questionable? Instead of being considered for the fellowship, the neurologist was admitted to his Allan Memorial Institute, diagnosed with schizophrenia, and given such a heavy dose of barbiturates that it triggered an allergic reaction and she suffered from a prolonged loss of oxygen to the brain. Ben: Perhapsthis is Dr. Cameron's most enduring legacy. Camerons techniques have no therapeutic validity whatsoever; they were comparable to Nazi medical atrocities. Amory: Eventually though, it wasnt just Camerons successor who was calling him out. We put this to Harvey Weinstein, the psychiatrist we heard from earlier, whose father was a patient at the Allan. On March 10, Cameron's notes read: "She is disoriented as to time only and is probably in her second stage of depatterning. He actually has a smile. Donald Ewen Cameron ((1901-12-24)24 December 1901 (1967-09-08)8 September 1967)[1] was a Scottish-born psychiatrist. On March 12, her records show she was considered "depatterned": She could no longer stand, speak, could barely swallow, was incontinent, and required treatment by an obstetrician for severe bleeding. She was left with permanent impairments: She was unable to recognize faces, had impaired spatial recognition, and lost a good portion of her memory. In 1946, Cameron introduced the practice of the day hospital, the first of its kind in North America, permitting patients to remain at home while receiving treatment at the institute during the day, thus avoiding unnecessary hospitalization and allowing the patients to maintain ties with their community and family. 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